2 problems

Let $G$ be a reaction network containing the motif … where $Y$ appears in no other complex. Let $p_{(h,\ell)}$ and $p'_{(h,\ell')}$ be the reduced characteristic polynomials of $G$…

Let $G$ be a reaction network with $n$ species containing a motif … such that the species $Y$ does not appear in any other complex of the network. Let $G'$ be obtained from $G$ by…