Catalano–Lavenant farthest-coupling conjecture

Let λ\lambda denote the uniform probability measure on [0,1][0,1], let Π(λ,λ)\Pi(\lambda,\lambda) be the set of Borel probability measures on [0,1]2[0,1]^2 whose two marginals are λ\lambda, and let λ⊗λ\lambda\otimes\lambda be the independent coupling. Define the monotone and antimonotone couplings by π+:=(t↦(t,t))#λ\pi_{+}:=(t\mapsto(t,t))_{\#}\lambda and π−:=(t↦(t,1−t))#λ\pi_{-}:=(t\mapsto(t,1-t))_{\#}\lambda. Then π+\pi_{+} and π−\pi_{-} maximize the Wasserstein distance from the independent coupling: W2(π+,λ⊗λ)=W2(π−,λ⊗λ)=sup⁡π∈Π(λ,λ)W2(π,λ⊗λ)W_2(\pi_{+},\lambda\otimes\lambda)=W_2(\pi_{-},\lambda\otimes\lambda)=\sup_{\pi\in\Pi(\lambda,\lambda)}W_2(\pi,\lambda\otimes\lambda), where the Wasserstein distance is computed on [0,1]2[0,1]^2 with its Euclidean metric.

References

Primary source

arXiv

Additional references

Progress summary

Refreshed
Claimed progress

A new preprint settles a Gaussian version in two or more dimensions, but it does not settle the original conjecture.

The Catalano–Lavenant conjecture concerns an extremal principle for couplings. The reported advance addresses a Gaussian analogue rather than the original uniform-marginal problem.

September 2026 Gaussian analogue

The preprint Couplings Farthest from the Independent Gaussian claims that Gaussian extremizers are established for every n≥2n \ge 2, together with a broader theorem for identical marginals. This is substantial progress on the analogue, but the claim is unverified and does not resolve the original conjecture.

Current status (as of September 2026): A Gaussian analogue is claimed for every n≥2n \ge 2, while the original uniform-marginal conjecture remains open.

Sources

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