The Extended 1-2-3 Conjecture of Pilz

From papers

Let AA be a finite subset of the positive integers, and let nn be a positive integer. For each positive integer kk, write kA={ka:aA}k\boldsymbol{\bullet} A=\{ka:a\in A\}, and let Δ\Delta denote symmetric difference of sets. Extended 1-2-3 Conjecture. One has

AΔ(2A)ΔΔ(nA)n.\left|A\Delta (2\boldsymbol{\bullet} A)\Delta\cdots\Delta (n\boldsymbol{\bullet} A)\right|\geqslant n.

Pilz proved the inequality for n6n\leq 6, and Huang, Ke and Pilz later formulated it as the Extended 1-2-3 Conjecture. The source paper states that it resolves the conjecture for all sufficiently large nn, so the assertion is not open in that range; the supplied text does not specify the exact threshold or whether all remaining cases have been settled.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Philippa Holdridge and Péter Pál Pach, “On the Extended 1-2-3 Conjecture of Pilz”, arXiv:2607.00934 (2026).

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