Naive bilinear Kakeya conjecture for transversal Heisenberg tubes

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Let c0c\geq 0 be a small constant, let e1,e2e_1,e_2 be the standard basis vectors in R3\mathbb{R}^3 parallel to the xx- and yy-axes, and let δ(0,1)\delta\in(0,1). A pair of families of Heisenberg δ\delta-tubes (T1,T2)(\mathcal{T}_1,\mathcal{T}_2) is transversal if, for every TjTjT_j\in\mathcal{T}_j, j=1,2j=1,2, the horizontal direction e(Tj)e(T_j) of TjT_j satisfies e(Tj)ejc|e(T_j)-e_j|\leq c. Let Tj|\mathcal{T}_j| denote the cardinality of Tj\mathcal{T}_j, and let χEj\chi_{E_j} be the indicator of the union of the tubes in Tj\mathcal{T}_j.

Naive bilinear Kakeya conjecture. Let ε>0\varepsilon>0. For every δ(0,1)\delta\in(0,1) and every pair of transversal families of Heisenberg δ\delta-tubes (T1,T2)(\mathcal{T}_1,\mathcal{T}_2), the corresponding bilinear Kakeya estimate holds with the natural exponent 3/43/4, up to a factor of δε\delta^{-\varepsilon}.

This is the bilinear analogue of the Heisenberg Kakeya inequality, motivated by the multilinear estimates of Bennett, Carbery, and Tao. The supplied candidate span omits the displayed inequality itself, so the precise measure, normalization, and dependence on the tube families cannot be recovered from the available text.

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Primary source

Yannis Galanos, “A Bilinear Kakeya Inequality in the Heisenberg Group”, arXiv:2604.02984 (2026).

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