Positivity criterion for the Green's function of the reflected piecewise-constant problem

Let I=[−T,T]I=[-T,T], and let Hm,MH_{m,M} be the Green's function of Problem. For m≥0m\geq 0, M≥0M\geq 0, and m+M>0m+M>0, let λ1\lambda_1 denote the first Dirichlet eigenvalue of

z”(t)=−mz(−t)−Mz([t]),t∈I,z(−T)=z(T)=0.z”(t)=-mz(-t)-Mz([t]), \quad t\in I, \quad z(-T)=z(T)=0.

Positivity conjecture. The Green's function Hm,MH_{m,M} is positive if and only if M∈(−m,λ1)M\in(-m,\lambda_1).

This conjecture extends the positivity criterion proved in the paper for T≤1T\leq 1 to arbitrary values of TT. The proposed extension is motivated only by numerical evidence, so its validity for T>1T>1 remains open.

References

Primary source

Alberto Cabada and Paula Cambeses-Franco, “Second order periodic boundary value problems with reflection and piecewise constant arguments”, arXiv:2601.13291 (2026).

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