Stable-limit conjecture for finite free Appell polynomials

From papers

Let ff be in the Laguerre--Pólya class and satisfy the regular-variation condition on its roots. Let

Ad(x)=f(D)xd,A_d(x)=f(D)x^d,

and set ρ=1α1\rho=\frac{1}{\alpha}-1. Write μp\mu_p for the empirical root distribution associated with a polynomial pp, and let Dc\mathcal{D}_c denote the dilation operator by cc. Stable-limit conjecture. The measures

μDh(d)1dρAd\mu_{\mathcal{D}_{h(d)^{-1}d^\rho}A_d}

converge weakly as dd\to\infty to a \boxplus-stable distribution with stability parameter α\alpha. This conjecture proposes an analytic finite-free-probability analogue of stable-limit results, connecting Laguerre--Pólya functions, Appell polynomials, and free infinite divisibility; its status is not resolved in the supplied source.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Andrew Campbell, “Free infinite divisibility, fractional convolution powers, and Appell polynomials”, arXiv:2412.20488 (2025).

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