Montonen–Olive duality conjecture for pure Yang–Mills theory

From papers

Let GG be a gauge group with gauge coupling τ\tau, and let GG^\vee be a group whose Lie algebra satisfies Lie(G)=g=Lie(G)\operatorname{Lie}(G^\vee)=\mathfrak{g}=\operatorname{Lie}(G). Let ΛwG\Lambda_w^G and ΓwG\Gamma_w^G denote the character and cocharacter lattices, and let tildes denote the dual lattices. Montonen–Olive duality conjecture. Electric-magnetic duality SS maps pure Yang–Mills theory with gauge group GG and gauge coupling τ\tau to pure Yang–Mills theory with gauge group GG^\vee and gauge coupling 1/τ-1/\tau, where

ΛwG=ΓwG~\Lambda_w^{G^\vee}=\widetilde{\Gamma_w^G}

or, dually,

ΓwG=ΛwG~.\Gamma_w^{G^\vee}=\widetilde{\Lambda_w^G}.

This conjecture proposes an electric-magnetic exchange between gauge groups determined by dual character and cocharacter lattices. The supplied text does not state whether it has been proved or disproved.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Clarence Kineider, Georgios Kydonakis, Eugen Rogozinnikov, Valdo Tatitscheff and Alexander Thomas, “Spectral Networks: Bridging higher-rank Teichmüller theory and BPS states”, arXiv:2412.03588 (2026).

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