Bistability conjecture for the Allee-effect fear competition system

Consider the reaction–diffusion system for the Allee effect, in both its strong and weak forms, with fear function q(x)q(x). Let q^\mathbf{\widehat{q}} and q~\mathbf{\widetilde{q}} be the two fear functions under consideration, and suppose that

Δ>0,2A1+A2>0,0<c<1.\Delta>0,\qquad 2A_1+A_2>0,\qquad 0<c<1.

Bistability conjecture. There exist initial data [u0(x),v0(x)][u_0(x),v_0(x)] such that the corresponding solution (u,v)(u,v) converges uniformly to (u,v)(u^*,v^*) as tt\to\infty, while for some other initial data [u1(x),v1(x)][u_1(x),v_1(x)], the corresponding solution converges uniformly to the spatially homogeneous state (0,1)(0,1) as tt\to\infty.

The conjecture predicts bistability between the positive equilibrium (u,v)(u^*,v^*) and the boundary state (0,1)(0,1) under the stated parameter restrictions, for both strong and weak Allee effects. The supplied passage gives numerical motivation but does not provide a resolution.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Shangming Chen, Fengde Chen, Vaibhava Srivastava and Rana D. Parshad, “Dynamical Analysis of a Lotka-Volterra Competition Model with both Allee and Fear Effect”, arXiv:2303.04919 (2023).

Additional references

2 papers in this index state this conjecture (2022–2023). The statement above is taken from the most recent of them; the others are arXiv:2210.10280.

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