The binary-form area lower-bound conjecture

Let FF be a binary form with complex coefficients of degree n1n\geq 1, and let rr be the number of its roots on the real projective line RP1\mathbb R\mathbb P^1, counted with multiplicity. Define

Fn,r(x,y)=(xiy)nrk=1r(xsinkπrycoskπr).F_{n,r}(x,y)=(x-iy)^{n-r}\prod_{k=1}^{r}\left(x\sin\frac{k\pi}{r}-y\cos\frac{k\pi}{r}\right).

Binary-form area lower-bound conjecture. One has

hF2/nAFhFn,r2/nAFn,r.h_F^{2/n}A_F\geq h_{F_{n,r}}^{2/n}A_{F_{n,r}}.

This conjecture proposes that, among degree-nn binary forms with exactly rr real projective roots, the displayed family minimizes the scale-invariant quantity hF2/nAFh_F^{2/n}A_F. The preceding examples show the claimed extremal behavior for the cases r=0r=0 and asymptotically for r=nr=n, but the general assertion is presented as a conjecture.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Jason Fang and Anton Mosunov, “A Lower Bound for the Area of the Fundamental Region of a Binary Form”, arXiv:2212.08752 (2022).

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