Orthogonal sector variance conjecture for norm-form divisor sums over Gaussian ideals

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Let dℓ(a)d_\ell(\mathfrak a) be the ℓ\ell-fold divisor function on ideals of Z[i]\mathbb Z[i], let χ2\chi_2 be the completely multiplicative character specified by χ2(π)=1\chi_2(\pi)=1 when the Gaussian prime π\pi has the relevant norm-form representation and χ2(π)=−1\chi_2(\pi)=-1 otherwise, and define

Ndℓ,K;xO(θ)=∑a=(α) idealN(a)≤xθa∈IK(θ)dℓ(a)(1+χ2(α)2).\mathcal N^O_{d_\ell,K;x}(\theta)=\sum_{\substack{\mathfrak a=(\alpha)\ \text{ideal}\N(\mathfrak a)\leq x\theta_{\mathfrak a}\in I_K(\theta)}}d_\ell(\mathfrak a)\left(\frac{1+\chi_2(\alpha)}{2}\right).

The orthogonal sector variance conjecture. If x≤Kℓx\leq K^\ell, then there is a constant aℓO∈Qa^O_\ell\in\mathbb Q, depending on ℓ\ell, such that

Var(Ndℓ,K;xO)∼aℓOx4K1/2γdℓ,2O(log⁡xlog⁡K)(log⁡K)2ℓ2−ℓ−2.\mathrm{Var}\left(\mathcal{N}^O_{d_\ell,K;x}\right)\sim a^O_\ell\frac{x}{4K^{1/2}}\gamma_{d_\ell,2}^O\left(\frac{\log x}{\log K}\right)(\log K)^{2\ell^2-\ell-2}.

This conjecture is the orthogonal counterpart of the preceding symplectic sector variance prediction and is motivated by the corresponding function-field variance formula; its status is unresolved in the supplied text.

References

Primary source

Vivian Kuperberg and Matilde Lalín, “Symplectic conjectures for sums of divisor functions and explorations of an orthogonal regime”, arXiv:2212.04969 (2024).

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