The square Frobenius number conjecture for consecutive generators differing by two

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Let a⩾3a\geqslant 3 be an odd integer, and let ⟨a,a+2⟩\langle a,a+2\rangle denote the numerical semigroup generated by aa and a+2a+2. Let (un)n⩾1(u_n)_{n\geqslant 1} be the recursive sequence given in the paper's defining recurrence, and let 2 ⁣r(⟨a,a+2⟩){}^{2\!}r(\langle a,a+2\rangle) denote the least square integer that does not belong to this semigroup. Square Frobenius number conjecture. If a=(2b+1)2a=(2b+1)^2 for an integer b⩾1b\geqslant 1, then

2 ⁣r ⁣(⟨a,a+2⟩)={(a−2⌊(2b+1)22⌋)2if (2b+1)∉⋃n⩾1{u4n+1},(a−⌊(2b+1)3⌋)2if (2b+1)∈⋃n⩾2{u4n+1},382if 2b+1=u5=7.{}^{2\!}r\!\left(\left\langle a,a+2 \right\rangle\right) = \left\{ \begin{array}{cl} \left(a-2\left\lfloor\frac{(2b+1)\sqrt{2}}{2}\right\rfloor\right)^2 & \text{if } (2b+1)\not\in\displaystyle\bigcup_{n\geqslant1}\left\{u_{4n+1}\right\}, \\ \\ \left(a-\left\lfloor (2b+1)\sqrt{3} \right\rfloor\right)^2 & \text{if } (2b+1)\in\displaystyle\bigcup_{n\geqslant2}\left\{u_{4n+1}\right\}, \\ \\ 38^2 & \text{if } 2b+1=u_5=7. \end{array} \right.

If a+2=(2b+1)2a+2=(2b+1)^2 for an integer b⩾1b\geqslant 1, then

2 ⁣r ⁣(⟨a,a+2⟩)={(a−2⌊(2b+1)22⌋)2if (2b+1)∉⋃n⩾0{u4n+3},(a−⌊(2b+1)3⌋)2if (2b+1)∈⋃n⩾0{u4n+3}.{}^{2\!}r\!\left(\left\langle a,a+2 \right\rangle\right) = \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \left(a-2\left\lfloor\frac{(2b+1)\sqrt{2}}{2}\right\rfloor\right)^2 & \text{if } (2b+1)\not\in\displaystyle\bigcup_{n\geqslant0}\left\{u_{4n+3}\right\}, \\ \\ \left(a-\left\lfloor (2b+1)\sqrt{3} \right\rfloor\right)^2 & \text{if } (2b+1)\in\displaystyle\bigcup_{n\geqslant0}\left\{u_{4n+3}\right\}. \end{array} \right.

The preceding proposition establishes the corresponding formula when neither generator is a square, while the displayed cases concern the remaining square-generator situations. The formulas of the preceding conjecture were verified computationally for all integers a⩾2a\geqslant 2 up to 10610^6, but the conjecture itself is not established in the supplied text.

References

Primary source

Jonathan Chappelon and Jorge Luis Ramírez Alfonsín, “The Square Frobenius Number”, arXiv:2006.14219 (2022).

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