The Catalan triangle Laurent polynomial and positivity conjecture

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Let n1,…,nm,nm+1=n1n_1,\ldots,n_m,n_{m+1}=n_1 be positive integers. For an integer jj and non-negative integers a,ra,r with a⩽n1a\leqslant n_1, consider

1[nm+a][n1+nmn1−a]−1∑k=an1[2k][k]2rqjk2−(r+1)k∏i=1m[ni+ni+1ni+k].\frac{1}{[n_m+a]}{n_1+n_m\brack n_1-a}^{-1}\sum_{k=a}^{n_1}[2k][k]^{2r}q^{jk^2-(r+1)k}\prod_{i=1}^{m}{n_i+n_{i+1}\brack n_i+k}.

Catalan triangle Laurent polynomial and positivity conjecture. This expression is a Laurent polynomial in qq, and it has non-negative integer coefficients when 0⩽j⩽m0\leqslant j\leqslant m. This is presented as a stronger version of Theorem and as a generalization of a conjecture attributed to Guo and Wang; the supplied span does not state whether it has since been resolved.

References

Primary source

Victor J. W. Guo and Xiuguo Lian, “Proofs of two conjectures on Catalan triangle numbers”, arXiv:1806.02685 (2018).

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