Handlebody basis conjecture for the three-variable skein module

Let G\langle G\rangle denote the set of conjugacy classes of elements of GG different from 11. For a handlebody HnH_n, let Xiπ1(Hn)\mathrm{X}_i\langle\pi_1(H_n)\rangle denote the set of sequences of length ii with entries in π1(Hn)\langle\pi_1(H_n)\rangle, and let \sim identify sequences that differ only by permutation. The three-variable skein module is S3(Hn){\mathcal S}_3(H_n), with coefficient ring Z[x01,x11,x21]Z[x_0^{\mp 1},x_1^{\mp 1},x_2^{\mp 1}].

Handlebody basis conjecture. For every handlebody HnH_n, S3(Hn){\mathcal S}_3(H_n) is the free Z[x01,x11,x21]Z[x_0^{\mp 1},x_1^{\mp 1},x_2^{\mp 1}]-module with basis

(i=1Xiπ1(Hn))/.\left(\bigcup_{i=1}^{\infty}\mathrm{X}_i\langle\pi_1(H_n)\rangle\right)/\sim.

Equivalently, it is the module of polynomials

Z[x01,x11,x21][π1(Hn)]Z[x_0^{\mp 1},x_1^{\mp 1},x_2^{\mp 1}][\langle\pi_1(H_n)\rangle]

whose variables come from π1(Hn)\langle\pi_1(H_n)\rangle, with monomials corresponding to layered families of links in HnH_n. The empty sequence, or polynomial 11, corresponds to a trivial knot, and a sequence γ1,,γs\gamma_1,\ldots,\gamma_s corresponds to a layered family representing γ1γs\gamma_1\cdots\gamma_s.

This conjecture generalizes the stated results for S3S^3 and the solid torus. The source also notes that different sequence representatives can lead to different bases, and that freeness does not follow merely from π1(M)\pi_1(M) being free, as shown by S1×S2S^1\times S^2.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Jozef H. Przytycki, “Skein modules of 3-manifolds”, arXiv:math/0611797 (2006).

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