Refined recurrence conjecture for rooted trees with a specified lower critical node

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Let Rn,k\mathcal{R}_{n,k} be the class of rooted trees under consideration, and let λ(T)\lambda(T) denote the lower critical node of a tree TT; the notation Rn,k[λ=i]\mathcal{R}_{n,k}[\lambda=i] denotes the trees in Rn,k\mathcal{R}_{n,k} whose lower critical node is ii. For notational simplicity, the condition that the maximum node has positive degree is omitted when λ=i\lambda=i is specified.

Refined recurrence conjecture. For n≥3n\geq 3 and 1≤i≤n−21\leq i\leq n-2, we have

∣Rn,k[λ=i]∣=(n−2)∣Rn−1,k[λ=i]∣+(n+k−3)∣Rn−1,k−1[λ=i]∣.|\mathcal{R}_{n,k}[\lambda=i]|=(n-2)|\mathcal{R}_{n-1,k}[\lambda=i]|+(n+k-3)|\mathcal{R}_{n-1,k-1}[\lambda=i]|.

This conjecture proposes a recurrence refining the recurrence for the numbers fn,k=∣Rn,k∣f_{n,k}=|\mathcal{R}_{n,k}| by tracking the lower critical node. The paper presents it as an open problem arising from the bijections developed there; no proof or resolution is given.

References

Primary source

William Y. C. Chen and Victor J. W. Guo, “Bijections behind the Ramanujan Polynomials”, arXiv:math/0107024 (2001).

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