Wan's product-trace conjecture for finite semisimple algebras

From papers

Let pp be a prime and let Fq\mathbb F_q be the finite field of qq elements with characteristic pp. A finite semisimple algebra over Fq\mathbb F_q has the form

B=Md1(Fqn1)××Mds(Fqns),B=M_{d_1}(\mathbb F_{q^{n_1}})\times\cdots\times M_{d_s}(\mathbb F_{q^{n_s}}),

with dimension N=n1d12++nsds2N=n_1d_1^2+\cdots+n_sd_s^2. Write B×B^{\times} for the group of units of BB, and let TrB\operatorname{Tr}_B and NrB\operatorname{Nr}_B denote its reduced trace and reduced norm. For xB×x\in B^{\times}, aFqa\in\mathbb F_q, and r2r\ge2, define

N(B,r,x,a)=#{(g1,,gr)(B×)rg1gr=x, TrB(g1++gr)=a}.\operatorname{N}(B,r,x,a)=\#\{(g_1,\ldots,g_r)\in(B^{\times})^r\mid g_1\cdots g_r=x,\ \operatorname{Tr}_B(g_1+\cdots+g_r)=a\}.

Here xx is called regular when it is a regular element of B×B^{\times}.

Wan's conjecture. For aFq×a\in\mathbb F_q^{\times}, regular xB×x\in B^{\times}, and integer r2r\ge2, one has

N(B,r,x,a)B×r1qri=1sdiniq(r1)N12.\left|\operatorname{N}(B,r,x,a)-\frac{|B^{\times}|^{r-1}}{q}\right|\le r^{\sum_{i=1}^s d_in_i}q^{\frac{(r-1)N-1}{2}}.

This conjecture predicts a square-root estimate for the product-trace problem over arbitrary finite semisimple algebras. The paper's introduction states that its purpose is to prove the expected square-root estimate for field extensions and then for arbitrary finite semisimple algebras, but the supplied text does not establish whether this specific conjecture has been resolved.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Xuejun Guo, Chen Lin and Chenhao Tang, “Matrix Kloosterman sums and product-trace estimates for semisimple algebras”, arXiv:2607.23275 (2026).

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