Wan's product-trace conjecture for finite semisimple algebras

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Let pp be a prime and let Fq\mathbb F_q be the finite field of qq elements with characteristic pp. A finite semisimple algebra over Fq\mathbb F_q has the form

B=Md1(Fqn1)×⋯×Mds(Fqns),B=M_{d_1}(\mathbb F_{q^{n_1}})\times\cdots\times M_{d_s}(\mathbb F_{q^{n_s}}),

with dimension N=n1d12+⋯+nsds2N=n_1d_1^2+\cdots+n_sd_s^2. Write B×B^{\times} for the group of units of BB, and let Tr⁡B\operatorname{Tr}_B and Nr⁡B\operatorname{Nr}_B denote its reduced trace and reduced norm. For x∈B×x\in B^{\times}, a∈Fqa\in\mathbb F_q, and r≥2r\ge2, define

N⁡(B,r,x,a)=#{(g1,…,gr)∈(B×)r∣g1⋯gr=x, Tr⁡B(g1+⋯+gr)=a}.\operatorname{N}(B,r,x,a)=\#\{(g_1,\ldots,g_r)\in(B^{\times})^r\mid g_1\cdots g_r=x,\ \operatorname{Tr}_B(g_1+\cdots+g_r)=a\}.

Here xx is called regular when it is a regular element of B×B^{\times}.

Wan's conjecture. For a∈Fq×a\in\mathbb F_q^{\times}, regular x∈B×x\in B^{\times}, and integer r≥2r\ge2, one has

∣N⁡(B,r,x,a)−∣B×∣r−1q∣≤r∑i=1sdiniq(r−1)N−12.\left|\operatorname{N}(B,r,x,a)-\frac{|B^{\times}|^{r-1}}{q}\right|\le r^{\sum_{i=1}^s d_in_i}q^{\frac{(r-1)N-1}{2}}.

This conjecture predicts a square-root estimate for the product-trace problem over arbitrary finite semisimple algebras. The paper's introduction states that its purpose is to prove the expected square-root estimate for field extensions and then for arbitrary finite semisimple algebras, but the supplied text does not establish whether this specific conjecture has been resolved.

References

Primary source

Xuejun Guo, Chen Lin and Chenhao Tang, “Matrix Kloosterman sums and product-trace estimates for semisimple algebras”, arXiv:2607.23275 (2026).

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