Stability classification of collinear relative equilibria in positive curvature

Let μ(0,μT)\mu\in(0,\mu_{\operatorname{T}}) be the mass ratio, let κ>0\kappa>0 be the curvature parameter, and use center-saddle, elliptic, complex-saddle, and Lyapunov stable in their standard linear or dynamical meanings for relative equilibria.

Collinear stability classification conjecture. L1,L2,E3\operatorname{L}_1,\operatorname{L}_2,\operatorname{E}_3, and A1\operatorname{A}_1 are center-saddles whenever they exist; E2\operatorname{E}_2 is Lyapunov stable and L~3\widetilde{\operatorname{L}}_3 is elliptic whenever they exist; and L3\operatorname{L}_3 is a center-saddle for 0<κ<κ4(μ)0<\kappa<\kappa_4(\mu), undergoes a subcritical pitchfork bifurcation at κ=κ4(μ)\kappa=\kappa_4(\mu), and is elliptic for all larger κ\kappa for which it exists.

The source presents this as conjectural because rigorous stability proofs are unavailable in portions of the parameter space and the change of stability of L3\operatorname{L}_3 has not been rigorously tied to κ4(μ)\kappa_4(\mu).

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Miguel Ayala, Carlos Barrera-Anzaldo and Luis C. García-Naranjo, “Lagrange points of the restricted three-body problem in spaces of constant curvature”, arXiv:2607.19148 (2026).

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