Conjectural characterization of tropical characteristic polynomial coefficients for symmetric matrices

From papers

Let AA be a symmetric tropical matrix of size nn, and let (δ0,δ1,,δn)(\delta_0,\delta_1,\ldots,\delta_n) be the coefficient sequence of its tropical characteristic polynomial. For 3mn3\leqslant m\leqslant n, at least one of the following inequalities holds:

δmδm1δm1δm2,\delta_m-\delta_{m-1}\leqslant\delta_{m-1}-\delta_{m-2},

or

δmδm22(δm2δm3).\delta_m-\delta_{m-2}\leqslant2(\delta_{m-2}-\delta_{m-3}).

Conjectural characterization. For every mm with 3mn3\leqslant m\leqslant n, at least one of these two inequalities holds. The inequalities express a concavity-type regularity in the coefficient sequence of the tropical characteristic polynomial of a symmetric matrix.

The preceding results establish analogous necessary inequalities for the first coefficients, while an example shows that these conditions need not hold for nonsymmetric matrices. Extending the observed pattern to all coefficients is proposed as a direction for future research.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Dariush Kiani and Hanieh Tavakolipour, “Properties of the Tropical Characteristic Polynomial of Symmetric Matrices”, arXiv:2607.10922 (2026).

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