The Selberg–Linnik bound for twisted Kloosterman sums

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Let NN be the level, let m,n≠0m,n\neq0, and define the twisted partial sum

Zm,n∗(x)=∑N∣c≤xS∗(m,n;c)c.Z^*_{m,n}(x)=\sum_{N\mid c\leq x}\frac{S^*(m,n;c)}{c}.

Selberg–Linnik bound. For every m,n≠0m,n\neq0 and every ε>0\varepsilon>0,

Zm,n∗(x)≪m,n,εxε.Z^*_{m,n}(x)\ll_{m,n,\varepsilon}x^\varepsilon.

This conjectural bound controls the partial sums at the critical point s=1/2s=1/2 and is intended to describe cancellation in twisted Kloosterman sums; its status is open in the supplied source.

References

Primary source

Nikolaos Diamantis, Solomon Friedberg and Fredrik Strömberg, “Sums of Kloosterman sums formed with modular symbols”, arXiv:2607.10786 (2026).

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