Ba and Clay's cyclic-cover conjecture for circular orderability, foliations, and L-spaces

Let WW be an irreducible rational homology 33-sphere that is not a lens space. Ba and Clay's conjecture. The following statements are equivalent:

  1. The fundamental group of WW is circularly orderable.
  2. There exists a finite cyclic cover W~\widetilde{W} of WW that supports a co-orientable taut foliation.
  3. There exists a finite cyclic cover W~\widetilde{W} of WW that is not an LL-space.

This assertion links circular orderability of a rational homology sphere to foliations and the existence of non-LL-space cyclic covers. The source presents it after proving that all closed, orientable, irreducible, toroidal 33-manifolds are circularly orderable; it does not state that this broader assertion is proved or disproved.

References

Primary source

Steven Boyer, Cameron McA. Gordon and Ying Hu, “Toroidal 3-manifolds have circularly orderable fundamental groups”, arXiv:2607.10529 (2026).

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