Mass gap conjecture for Potts lattice gauge theory

Let ν=ν(β,q,d)\nu=\nu(\beta,q,d) be Potts lattice gauge theory on Zd\mathbb{Z}^d. Let σN=[0,1]2×{N}×{0}\sigma_N=[0,1]^2\times\{N\}\times\{0\} be a plaquette, and for a plaquette σ\sigma let Wσ=WσW_\sigma=W_{\partial\sigma} be its Wilson loop variable. Define the correlation length ξβ=ξβ,q,d\xi_\beta=\xi_{\beta,q,d} by

1ξβ=limNlog(Covν(Wσ1,WσN1))N.-\frac{1}{\xi_\beta}=\lim_{N\to\infty}\frac{\log\left(\operatorname{Cov}_\nu(W_{\sigma_1},W_{\sigma_N}^{-1})\right)}{N}.

Let βc(q,d)\beta_c(q,d) be the critical inverse temperature from the area-law/perimeter-law conjecture. Mass gap conjecture. For all ββc(q,d)\beta\neq\beta_c(q,d),

0<ξβ,q,d<.0<\xi_{\beta,q,d}<\infty.

The existence of the defining limit follows from reflection positivity, but finiteness and positivity away from the critical point are not established in general. The conjecture asserts exponential decay of correlations away from criticality.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Paul Duncan and Benjamin Schweinhart, “A Topological Formula for Potts Lattice Gauge Theory Correlations”, arXiv:2607.02434 (2026).

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