The spectral decomposition conjecture for Hecke operators over quadratic extensions

Let FF be the base field, let E/FE/F be an extension as in Section 1.1, and let LL be a division FF-algebra of rank nn. Let SEL\mathcal S^L_E be the associated space of sections, and let D\mathcal D denote the indexing set of Hecke correspondences. For each DD\underline D\in\mathcal D, let TDT_{\underline D} be the corresponding Hecke operator on SEL\mathcal S^L_E.

Spectral decomposition conjecture. There exist a set IEI^E, a function dE:IENd^E:I^E\to\mathbb N, and distinct functions λiE:DC\lambda_i^E:\mathcal D\to\mathbb C for iIEi\in I^E, such that, for every division algebra LL of rank nn, there is a direct-sum decomposition

SEL=iIESEL(i)\mathcal S^L_E=\bigoplus_{i\in I^E}\mathcal S^L_E(i)

with

dimSEL(i)=dE(i)\dim\mathcal S^L_E(i)=d^E(i)

and

TDSEL(i)=λiE(D)IdSEL(i)T_{\underline D}|_{\mathcal S^L_E(i)}=\lambda_i^E(\underline D)\operatorname{Id}_{\mathcal S^L_E(i)}

for every DD\underline D\in\mathcal D.

This is presented as an extension of the quadratic-extension algebra-isomorphism conjecture and predicts a uniform simultaneous eigenspace decomposition for the Hecke operators across all division algebras LL. The source gives no resolution and suggests the conjecture as a goal of the article.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

David Kazhdan, “A conjecture on the action of Hecke operators”, arXiv:2606.23240 (2026).

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