Alon's asymptotic subgraph-count conjecture

Let HH be a fixed finite simple graph without isolated vertices. For a graph GG, let N(G,H)N(G,H) be the number of subgraphs of GG isomorphic to HH, let

N(m,H)=max{N(G,H):e(G)=m},N(m,H)=\max\{N(G,H):e(G)=m\},

and define

γ(H)=V(H)+D(H)2,D(H)=maxSV(H)(SNH(S)).\gamma(H)=\frac{|V(H)|+D(H)}{2},\qquad D(H)=\max_{S\subseteq V(H)}\bigl(|S|-|N_H(S)|\bigr).

Alon's asymptotic subgraph-count conjecture. There is a positive constant b(H)b(H) such that

limmN(m,H)mγ(H)=b(H).\lim_{m\to\infty}\frac{N(m,H)}{m^{\gamma(H)}}=b(H).

Alon proved the order of growth N(m,H)=ΘH(mγ(H))N(m,H)=\Theta_H(m^{\gamma(H)}) for every fixed HH, and determined the exact leading constant when D(H)=0D(H)=0. The conjecture asks for the existence of the asymptotic leading constant in general.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Peiru Kuang, Shuang Sun, Yan Wang and Jiasheng Zeng, “Proofs of Two Conjectures of Alon on Subgraph Counts”, arXiv:2606.18321 (2026).

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