Generalized Rains' positivity conjecture for specialized Koornwinder moments

Let Par⁡n\operatorname{Par}_n denote the set of partitions with at most nn parts. A (0,1)(0,1)-substitution map is an operator φ\varphi on Q(ξ,α,β,γ,δ,q)\mathbb{Q}(\xi,\alpha,\beta,\gamma,\delta,q) that substitutes some, possibly none, of these parameters by 00 or 11, while φ(αβ−qiγδ)\varphi(\alpha\beta-q^i\gamma\delta) remains a non-constant polynomial for every integer i≥0i\geq0. Define the minimal numerator of φ(Mλ,μZ)\varphi(M^Z_{\lambda,\mu}) using the lowest-degree product of factors φ(αβ−qiγδ)\varphi(\alpha\beta-q^i\gamma\delta) that clears its denominator. Generalized Rains' conjecture. If φ\varphi is a (0,1)(0,1)-substitution map satisfying at least one of φ(q)=1\varphi(q)=1, φ(q)=0\varphi(q)=0, φ(α)=0\varphi(\alpha)=0, φ(β)=0\varphi(\beta)=0, φ(γ)=0\varphi(\gamma)=0, or φ(δ)=0\varphi(\delta)=0, then for all partitions λ,μ∈Par⁡n\lambda,\mu\in\operatorname{Par}_n, the minimal numerator of φ(Mλ,μZ)\varphi(M^Z_{\lambda,\mu}) is a polynomial with nonnegative integer coefficients. The source notes that positivity fails for general pairs (λ,μ)(\lambda,\mu), while this conjecture asserts it under the listed specializations; its status is not specified.

References

Primary source

Younggwang Cho, Donghyun Kim, Jang Soo Kim, Hojoon Lee, Jing Liu and Minho Song, “An explicit formula for Koornwinder moments and Rains' positivity conjecture”, arXiv:2606.14241 (2026).

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