Matrix Spencer conjecture

Let nn be a positive integer, and let A1,,AnA_1,\dots,A_n be self-adjoint n×nn\times n matrices, each with spectral norm at most one.

Matrix Spencer conjecture. There exists a universal constant CC such that

\min_{\varepsilon\in\\{\pm1\\}^n} \left\\| \sum_{k=1}^n \varepsilon_k A_k \right\\| \leq C\sqrt{n}.

This is a matrix-valued generalization of Spencer's discrepancy theorem. The source states that the conjecture was posed in earlier work and that the present paper proves it, so the claim is solved.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Afonso S. Bandeira and Helmut Bölcskei, “Matrix Discrepancy for Representations of Finite Groups”, arXiv:2606.12181 (2026).

Additional references

7 papers in this index state this conjecture (2022–2026). The statement above is taken from the most recent of them; the others are arXiv:2606.16005, arXiv:2510.01021, arXiv:2504.20539, arXiv:2410.17887, arXiv:2307.10055, arXiv:2212.00066.

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