Holomorphic vertex operator algebra unitarity conjecture

A holomorphic VOA is a vertex operator algebra whose only irreducible module is itself. A VOA is unitary if it admits the required positive-definite invariant Hermitian structure.

Holomorphic VOA unitarity conjecture. Every holomorphic VOA is unitary.

All holomorphic VOAs with central charge at most 2424 discussed in the source are known to be unitary, as are the standard lattice and orbifold examples at higher central charge. The statement remains an empirical conjecture in general.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Sebastiano Carpi and Giulio Codogni, “Vertex operator algebras, partition functions and Teichmüller modular forms”, arXiv:2605.26972 (2026).

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