Frobenius formula for shifted square sequences beyond 30

Let aa be an integer with a>30a>30, and let

A(a)=(a,a+12,a+22,a+32,).A(a)=(a,a+1^2,a+2^2,a+3^2,\ldots).

Let S(A(a))S(A(a)) be the numerical semigroup generated by A(a)A(a). For nZ+n\in\mathbb{Z}^{+}, let ι(n)\iota(n) be the least number of positive integral squares whose sum is nn. Frobenius formula for shifted square sequences. For every integer a>30a>30, the hypotheses of the preceding theorem are satisfied, and consequently

F(S(A(a)))=3a+max{r1ra1, ι(r)=4, ι(a+r)3, ι(2a+r)2}.F(S(A(a)))=3a+\max\{r\mid 1\leq r\leq a-1,\ \iota(r)=4,\ \iota(a+r)\geq 3,\ \iota(2a+r)\geq 2\}.

This gives an explicit formula for the Frobenius number of the numerical semigroup generated by the shifted square sequence when the initial parameter exceeds 3030; the supplied text does not indicate whether this assertion has been independently proved or remains open.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Kyunghwan Song, “The Frobenius problem for shifted square sequences”, arXiv:2605.25542 (2026).

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