The smallest-eigenvalue conjecture for Hodge Laplacians on homogeneous 3-spheres

Let g(a,b,c)g_{(a,b,c)} be the homogeneous metric on the Lie group SU(2)\operatorname{SU}(2) or SO(3)\operatorname{SO}(3) determined by positive parameters a,b,ca,b,c. For the Hodge Laplacian Δ1\Delta_1 on 11-forms, write λ1(Δ1)\lambda_1(\Delta_1) for its smallest eigenvalue. Smallest-eigenvalue conjecture. For (SU(2),g(a,b,c))(\operatorname{SU}(2),g_{(a,b,c)}),

λ1(Δ1)=min(4b2c2a2,4a2c2b2,4a2b2c2,a2+b2+c2).\lambda_1(\Delta_1)=\min\left(\frac{4b^2c^2}{a^2},\frac{4a^2c^2}{b^2},\frac{4a^2b^2}{c^2},a^2+b^2+c^2\right).

For (SO(3),g(a,b,c))(\operatorname{SO}(3),g_{(a,b,c)}),

λ1(Δ1)=min(4b2c2a2,4a2c2b2,4a2b2c2).\lambda_1(\Delta_1)=\min\left(\frac{4b^2c^2}{a^2},\frac{4a^2c^2}{b^2},\frac{4a^2b^2}{c^2}\right).

The claim concerns the global minimum over all representation weights; the preceding analysis establishes it for a class of metrics by a finite computer-assisted check, while the remaining evidence described here is numerical, so the conjecture remains open on the basis of the supplied text.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Jonas Henkel and Emilio A. Lauret, “Hodge Laplacian on 1-forms of homogeneous 3-spheres”, arXiv:2605.05406 (2026).

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