Parini's sharp Cheeger inequality conjecture for triangles

Let \triangle be a triangle, let λ1()\lambda_1(\triangle) be its first Dirichlet eigenvalue, and let

h()=+4π2h(\triangle)=\frac{|\partial\triangle|+\sqrt{4\pi|\triangle|}}{2|\triangle|}

be its Cheeger constant. Parini's triangle conjecture. For any triangle \triangle,

λ1()h()24π2(3+π3)21.3885,\frac{\lambda_1(\triangle)}{h(\triangle)^2}\geq\frac{4\pi^2}{\left(3+\sqrt{\pi\sqrt{3}}\right)^2}\approx1.3885,

where equality holds if and only if \triangle is equilateral. This is the triangular specialization of the conjectured regular-polygon minimization, and the source gives no evidence that it has been resolved.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Ryoki Endo, Xuefeng Liu and Phanuel Mariano, “Sharp Dirichlet eigenvalue inequalities on triangles”, arXiv:2605.04331 (2026).

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