Potential-theoretic form of the Hermitian level-crossing limit

From papers

Let λC\lambda\in\mathbb C be an affine coordinate on CP1\mathbb{CP}^1, let

Y=2Imλ1+λ2,Y=\frac{2\operatorname{Im}\lambda}{1+|\lambda|^2},

and let G(q)G(q) denote the logarithmic energy of the elliptic law with elliptic parameter q\sqrt q. Let RP1CP1\mathbb{RP}^1\subset\mathbb{CP}^1 be the real projective line. Hermitian potential-theoretic limit conjecture. The universal Hermitian limiting measure is the SO(2)SO(2)-invariant measure which, away from RP1\mathbb{RP}^1, has density

12πΔλ[12log(1+λ2)+G(1Y2)]dxdy,\frac{1}{2\pi}\Delta_\lambda\left[\frac12\log(1+|\lambda|^2)+G(1-Y^2)\right]dx\,dy,

and which has no atom or singular component on RP1\mathbb{RP}^1. This gives a potential-theoretic description of the same universal measure expected for GUE and general Hermitian Wigner pencils.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

B. Shapiro, “Level Crossing in Random Matrices. III. Analogs of Girko's circular and Wigner's semicircle laws”, arXiv:2604.25785 (2026).

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