The sharp sum-product conjecture for dense subsets of finite fields

Let pp be prime and let A⊂FpA\subset\mathbb{F}_p satisfy ∣A∣=o(p)|A|=o(p) and ∣A∣≥p1−c|A|\geq p^{1-c} for some sufficiently small constant c>0c>0. Sharp sum-product conjecture. Then

max⁡(∣A+A∣,∣A⋅A∣)≥(1+o(1))(2p∣A∣)1/2.\max(|A+A|,|A\cdot A|)\geq (1+o(1))(2p|A|)^{1/2}.

This conjecture predicts the asymptotically sharp lower bound suggested by the preceding construction and the small-density behavior of the function f(α)f(\alpha); it concerns sets whose sizes are close to, but still little-oh of, the field size. The supplied text does not indicate that the conjecture has been resolved.

References

Primary source

Xuancheng Shao, “The sum-product phenomenon for dense subsets of finite fields”, arXiv:2604.17117 (2026).

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