Finite free pp-Stam extremizer bifurcation conjecture

Let n3n\geq 3 and consider extremizers of the pp-Stam inequality among normalized monic real-rooted polynomial pairs (f,g)(f,g) of degree nn; write dPQd_{PQ} for their pair mismatch and let Hen\mathrm{He}_n denote the degree-nn Hermite polynomial. pp-Stam extremizer bifurcation conjecture. As pp decreases from 22, the extremizers bifurcate: for p(1,2)p\in(1,2), normalized extremizers satisfy f≉gf\not\approx g, with dPQ>0d_{PQ}>0 increasing as p1+p\to1^+; each root distribution is bimodal, with two clusters separated by a gap, and this bimodality intensifies as p1+p\to1^+; while as p2p\to2^-, the bimodal structure merges, the mismatch vanishes, and the extremizers converge continuously to (Hen,Hen)(\mathrm{He}_n,\mathrm{He}_n). FlowBoost experiments support these structural features, but the precise subcritical extremizer family is explicitly left open and the numerical evidence is not a proof.

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Primary source

Baran Hashemi, “Spectral Structure in Finite Free Information Inequalities and p-Stam Phase Transitions”, arXiv:2604.11922 (2026).

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