The path as the unique minimum spectral-sum graph
Let denote the order of a connected graph, and let the spectral sum be , where and are the largest and second-largest adjacency eigenvalues. The path-minimization conjecture. For sufficiently large , the path uniquely minimizes the spectral sum among all connected graphs of order . The minimization of spectral sum remains open, and this conjecture proposes the extremal graph for the connected case.
References
Primary source
Hitesh Kumar, Lele Liu, Hermie Monterde, Shivaramakrishna Pragada and Michael Tait, “Maximum spectral sum of graphs”, arXiv:2604.00512 (2026).
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