Universal odd critical exponent conjecture for exponential-kernel minimizers

Consider the minimum-energy problem for kk points on the unit interval with pairwise kernel exyqe^{-|x-y|^q}, and write an odd number of points as

k=2m+1.k=2m+1.

Let the global critical exponent be the value of qq at which the globally minimizing configuration changes phase, and let the universal odd value be the value given by equation. Universal odd critical exponent conjecture. For every odd k=2m+1k=2m+1, the true global critical exponent equals the universal odd value in equation. The conjecture is motivated by the explicit branch crossing and numerical evidence for k=3,5,7,9,11,13,15,19k=3,5,7,9,11,13,15,19; the unresolved issue is excluding a lower-energy competing branch with more than one interior point.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Michael T. M. Emmerich, “Critical phase transitions in minimum-energy configurations for the exponential kernel family e^-|x-y|^q on the unit interval”, arXiv:2603.28179 (2026).

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