Asymptotic equidistribution conjecture for modular Ackermann maps

For fixed m3m\ge3, consider the map

nA2k(m,n)n\mapsto A_{2^k}(m,n)

from uniformly chosen nZ2kn\in\mathbb Z_{2^k} to Z2k\mathbb Z_{2^k}. Asymptotic equidistribution conjecture. As kk\to\infty, this map approaches the uniform distribution on Z2k\mathbb Z_{2^k}; in particular, the probability that A2k(m,n)A_{2^k}(m,n) takes any given value in Z2k\mathbb Z_{2^k} converges to 2k2^{-k}, up to fluctuations diminishing with kk. The preceding heuristic and numerical observations suggest increasingly irregular and approximately uniform residue patterns for higher levels, but the precise distribution for arbitrary kk and mm remains open.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Jean-Christophe Pain, “Modular Ackermann maps and hierarchical structures”, arXiv:2603.25677 (2026).

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