The recursive bound for tone chromatic numbers of subcubic outerplanar graphs

Let GG be a subcubic outerplanar graph, meaning that GG is outerplanar and has maximum degree at most 33. For each positive integer tt, let τt(G)\tau_t(G) denote the smallest number of colors in a tt-tone coloring of GG. The recursive bound. For every integer t3t\ge 3,

τt(G)τt1(G)+t+1.\tau_t(G)\le \tau_{t-1}(G)+t+1.

This is proposed as a relationship between successive tone chromatic numbers after the paper establishes the sharp bound τ3(G)11\tau_3(G)\le 11 for subcubic outerplanar graphs. Its resolution is not specified in the supplied text.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Hadeel Al Bazzal and Olivier Togni, “t-tone colorings of outerplanar and Halin graphs”, arXiv:2603.18674 (2026).

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