Karoński–Łuczak–Thomason 1-2-3 Conjecture

Let GG be a graph without isolated edges. An edge coloring f:E{1,2,,k}f:E\to\{1,2,\dots,k\} assigns a weight σ(v)=vef(e)\sigma(v)=\sum_{v\in e}f(e) to each vertex; adjacent vertices are distinguished when their weights differ, and χΣ(G)\chi_{\Sigma}(G) is the least kk for which such an edge coloring distinguishes every adjacent pair. 1-2-3 Conjecture. For every graph GG without isolated edges,

χΣ(G)3.\chi_{\Sigma}(G)\leq 3.

The text states that Keusch confirmed this conjecture in 2024, so it is solved.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Anna Flaszczyńska, Aleksandra Gorzkowska, Igor Grzelec, Alfréd Onderko and Mariusz Woźniak, “Locally Irregular Total Colorings of Graphs”, arXiv:2603.13178 (2026).

Additional references

4 papers in this index state this conjecture (2012–2026). The statement above is taken from the most recent of them; the others are arXiv:2506.14253, arXiv:1303.3198, arXiv:1211.5122.

Progress summary

Never refreshed

Nothing recorded yet. Refresh searches the literature and the public web for attempts on this problem, and writes the first summary here.

Solutions 0

No solutions have been posted yet.