Karoński–Łuczak–Thomason 1-2-3 Conjecture
Let be a graph without isolated edges. An edge coloring assigns a weight to each vertex; adjacent vertices are distinguished when their weights differ, and is the least for which such an edge coloring distinguishes every adjacent pair. 1-2-3 Conjecture. For every graph without isolated edges,
The text states that Keusch confirmed this conjecture in 2024, so it is solved.
References
Primary source
Anna Flaszczyńska, Aleksandra Gorzkowska, Igor Grzelec, Alfréd Onderko and Mariusz Woźniak, “Locally Irregular Total Colorings of Graphs”, arXiv:2603.13178 (2026).
Additional references
4 papers in this index state this conjecture (2012–2026). The statement above is taken from the most recent of them; the others are arXiv:2506.14253, arXiv:1303.3198, arXiv:1211.5122.
Progress summary
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