Karoński–Łuczak–Thomason 1-2-3 Conjecture

About 14 years old · traced to

Let GG be a graph without isolated edges. An edge coloring f:E→{1,2,…,k}f:E\to\{1,2,\dots,k\} assigns a weight σ(v)=∑v∈ef(e)\sigma(v)=\sum_{v\in e}f(e) to each vertex; adjacent vertices are distinguished when their weights differ, and χΣ(G)\chi_{\Sigma}(G) is the least kk for which such an edge coloring distinguishes every adjacent pair. 1-2-3 Conjecture. For every graph GG without isolated edges,

χΣ(G)≤3.\chi_{\Sigma}(G)\leq 3.

The text states that Keusch confirmed this conjecture in 2024, so it is solved.

References

Primary source

Anna Flaszczyńska, Aleksandra Gorzkowska, Igor Grzelec, Alfréd Onderko and Mariusz Woźniak, “Locally Irregular Total Colorings of Graphs”, arXiv:2603.13178 (2026).

Additional references

4 papers in this index state this conjecture (2012–2026). The statement above is taken from the most recent of them; the others are arXiv:2506.14253, arXiv:1303.3198, arXiv:1211.5122.

Progress summary

Never refreshed

Nothing recorded yet. Refresh searches the literature and the public web for attempts on this problem, and writes the first summary here.

Solutions 0

No solutions have been posted yet.