Gallardo–Grekos–Pihko conjecture on three-fold restricted sumsets

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Let nn be an odd positive integer, let Zn\mathbb{Z}_n be the cyclic group of order nn, and let A⊆ZnA\subseteq\mathbb{Z}_n. Write 3∧A3^\wedge A for the set of sums of three distinct elements of AA:

3∧A={a1+a2+a3:ai∈A, ai≠aj for i≠j}.3^\wedge A=\{a_1+a_2+a_3:a_i\in A,\ a_i\ne a_j\text{ for }i\ne j\}.

Gallardo–Grekos–Pihko conjecture. There is a constant cc such that, whenever

∣A∣>25n+c,|A|>\frac{2}{5}n+c,

one has

3∧A=Zn.3^\wedge A=\mathbb{Z}_n.

Earlier results establish the conclusion for larger density thresholds, including ∣A∣>n/2|A|>n/2 for all integers n≥12n\geq12 except n=15n=15, while the stated 2/52/5 threshold remains the conjectural target.

References

Primary source

Vivekanand Goswami and Raj Kumar Mistri, “Restricted set addition in finite abelian groups”, arXiv:2603.04572 (2026).

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