Gallardo–Grekos–Pihko conjecture on three-fold restricted sumsets

From papers

Let nn be an odd positive integer, let Zn\mathbb{Z}_n be the cyclic group of order nn, and let AZnA\subseteq\mathbb{Z}_n. Write 3A3^\wedge A for the set of sums of three distinct elements of AA:

3A={a1+a2+a3:aiA, aiaj for ij}.3^\wedge A=\{a_1+a_2+a_3:a_i\in A,\ a_i\ne a_j\text{ for }i\ne j\}.

Gallardo–Grekos–Pihko conjecture. There is a constant cc such that, whenever

A>25n+c,|A|>\frac{2}{5}n+c,

one has

3A=Zn.3^\wedge A=\mathbb{Z}_n.

Earlier results establish the conclusion for larger density thresholds, including A>n/2|A|>n/2 for all integers n12n\geq12 except n=15n=15, while the stated 2/52/5 threshold remains the conjectural target.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Vivekanand Goswami and Raj Kumar Mistri, “Restricted set addition in finite abelian groups”, arXiv:2603.04572 (2026).

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