Lev and Sonn's difference-set conjecture for finite-field squares

From papers

Let pp be a prime, and let Rp\mathcal{R}_p denote the set of nonzero squares in Fp{\mathbb F}_p. Lev and Sonn's conjecture. For all sufficiently large primes pp, there is no subset AFpA\subseteq {\mathbb F}_p such that

AA=Rp{0}.A-A=\mathcal{R}_p\cup\{0\}.

Kalmynin resolved this difference-set conjecture and proved a generalization for proper multiplicative subgroups of prime fields, so the claim is no longer open.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Seoyoung Kim, Chi Hoi Yip and Semin Yoo, “Multiplicative irreducibility of shifted multiplicative subgroups”, arXiv:2602.20919 (2026).

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