Hertling's variance conjecture for spectrum numbers

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Let f∈On+1f\in\mathcal O_{n+1} be a germ defining an isolated singularity at the origin, with Milnor number bcbc. Let b11≤⋯≤αbcb1_1\leq\cdots\leq\alpha_bc be its spectrum numbers.

Hertling's conjecture. The spectrum numbers satisfy

1μ∑i=1μ(αi−n+12)2≤αμ−α112.\frac{1}{\mu}\sum_{i=1}^{\mu}\left(\alpha_i-\frac{n+1}{2}\right)^2\leq\frac{\alpha_\mu-\alpha_1}{12}.

Hertling proposed this inequality in 2000; it asserts that the variance of the spectrum is at most one twelfth of its range. Its resolution is not specified in the source.

References

Primary source

Quan Shi, Yang Wang and Huaiqing Zuo, “Spectrum, Tjurina spectrum, and Hertling conjecture for singularities of modality 3”, arXiv:2602.17230 (2026).

Additional references

7 papers in this index state this conjecture (2000–2026). The statement above is taken from the most recent of them; the others are arXiv:2405.03450, arXiv:2012.06360, arXiv:1805.08175, arXiv:math/0507171, arXiv:math/0405489, arXiv:math/0007187.

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