The C4C_4-factor conjecture for digraphs

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Let η>0\eta>0. For sufficiently large integers nn divisible by 44, consider an nn-vertex digraph GG, where δ0(G)\delta^0(G) denotes its minimum semi-degree.

The C4C_4-factor conjecture. There exists n0=n0(η)∈Nn_0=n_0(\eta)\in\mathbb N such that, for every n≥n0n\geq n_0 divisible by 44, if

δ0(G)≥(1/2+η)n,\delta^0(G)\geq (1/2+\eta)n,

then GG contains a C4C_4-factor. This is presented as an open problem concerning even cycle factors, following the asymptotic determination of the corresponding threshold for orientations of odd cycles; the even-cycle case is described as more challenging.

References

Primary source

Theodore Molla and Andrew Treglown, “Cycle tilings and H-factors in directed graphs”, arXiv:2602.13737 (2026).

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