Monotonicity conjecture for c-convolution

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Let μ\mu and ν\nu be compactly supported probability measures, let c∈[0,∞]c\in[0,\infty], and let μ⊕cν\mu\oplus_c\nu denote their cc-convolution. Let f∈C4(R)f\in C^{4}(\mathbb{R}) satisfy f(4)≥0f^{(4)}\geq 0. Monotonicity conjecture for c-convolution. The function

c⟼∫f(t) d⁡(μ⊕cν)(t)c\longmapsto\int f(t)\,\operatorname{d}(\mu\oplus_c\nu)(t)

is decreasing in cc. The cc-convolution interpolates formally between classical convolution at c=0c=0 and free convolution at c=∞c=\infty, but it is not known whether μ⊕cν\mu\oplus_c\nu is always a probability measure; consequently, the conjecture concerns a proposed generalization of the comparison results in the paper.

References

Primary source

Otte Heinävaara, “Convolution comparison measures”, arXiv:2602.10373 (2026).

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