The derivative and relations conjecture for multiple Eisenstein series

Let H2=Qzkk2\mathfrak{H}^{\geq2}=\mathbb{Q}\langle z_k\mid k\geq2\rangle be the noncommutative word space, let G:H2EG:\mathfrak{H}^{\geq2}\to\mathcal{E} send zk1zkrz_{k_1}\cdots z_{k_r} to Gk1,,kr(τ)G_{k_1,\ldots,k_r}(\tau), and let θ=Dφ\theta=-\mathcal{D}\circ\varphi be the stated Q\mathbb{Q}-linear operator. For R(u,v)R(u,v) as defined in the paper, set

DR=SpanQ{θn(R(u,v))wn0,u,v,wH2}.\mathsf{DR}_\ast=\operatorname{Span}_\mathbb{Q}\{\theta^n(R(u,v))\ast w\mid n\geq0,u,v,w\in\mathfrak{H}^{\geq2}\}.

The derivative and relations conjecture for multiple Eisenstein series. For every wH2w\in\mathfrak{H}^{\geq2},

2πiddτG(w)=G(θ(w))=G(D(w\shufflez2))G2G(w),2\pi i\frac{d}{d\tau}G(w)=G(\theta(w))=G(\mathcal{D}(w\mathbin{{{{{{{{{\shuffle}}}}}}}}}z_2))-G_2G(w),

and

DR=kerG.\mathsf{DR}_\ast=\ker G.

Thus the proposed derivative formula and the generated family of relations should describe all linear relations among multiple Eisenstein series. These assertions are presented as the main conjecture of the paper and remain open.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Henrik Bachmann, Hayato Kanno and Takumi Maesaka, “Relations and Derivatives of Multiple Eisenstein Series”, arXiv:2602.08176 (2026).

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