Stable/co-stable wall-crossing conjecture for 4D ADHM invariants

Let MQ4(r,n)M_{Q_4}(\vec{r},n) be the moduli space defined using the stable condition, and let MQ4c(r,n)M_{Q_4}^c(\vec{r},n) be the moduli space defined using co-stability, namely the condition that there is no nonzero subspace VAker(JA)V'\subseteq\bigcap_A\ker(J_A) invariant under B1,,B4B_1,\dots,B_4. Let O^vir\widehat{\mathcal O}^{\mathrm{vir}} denote the virtual structure sheaf on either moduli space. Stable/co-stable wall-crossing conjecture. For all r\vec{r} and nn,

χ(MQ4(r,n),O^vir)=χ(MQ4c(r,n),O^vir).\chi(M_{Q_4}(\vec{r},n),\widehat{\mathcal O}^{\mathrm{vir}})=\chi(M_{Q_4}^c(\vec{r},n),\widehat{\mathcal O}^{\mathrm{vir}}).

Equivalently, the wall-crossing between the corresponding invariants is conjectured to be trivial. The claim is proved in a special two-dimensional reduction and has been verified in several low-rank and low-instanton cases, but remains open in general.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Noah Arbesfeld, Martijn Kool and Woonam Lim, “The geometry of Nekrasov's gauge origami theory”, arXiv:2602.00984 (2026).

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