Pointwise global Katz–Sarnak conjecture for Mg\mathcal M_g and Ag\mathcal A_g

From papers

For each prime ll, let vl(t)v_l(t) denote the local factor defined from the trace distribution in GSp2g(Zl)\operatorname{GSp}_{2g}(\mathbb{Z}_l), with vp(t)=1v_p(t)=1, and let STg\operatorname{ST}_g be the Sato–Tate trace density. Pointwise global Katz–Sarnak conjecture. For g2g\ge2,

suptZ#Mg(Fp,t)#Mg(Fp)pSTg(t/p)lvl(t)0\sup_{t\in \mathbb{Z}}\left|\frac{\#\mathcal M_g(\mathbb{F}_p,t)}{\#\mathcal M_g(\mathbb{F}_p)}\sqrt p- \operatorname{ST}_g(t/\sqrt p)\prod_{l}v_l(t)\right| \longrightarrow 0

as pp\rightarrow\infty. For g1g\ge1,

suptZ#Ag(Fp,t)#Ag(Fp)pSTg(t/p)lvl(t)0\sup_{t\in \mathbb{Z}}\left|\frac{\#\mathcal A_g(\mathbb{F}_p,t)}{\#\mathcal A_g(\mathbb{F}_p)}\sqrt p- \operatorname{ST}_g(t/\sqrt p)\prod_{l}v_l(t)\right| \longrightarrow 0

as pp\rightarrow\infty. These are pointwise refinements of the stated L1L^1 predictions, incorporating all local trace factors. They are conjectural; the authors suggest that their methods might prove them at least for Ag\mathcal A_g, M2\mathcal M_2, and the symmetric genus-three family.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Zhao Yu Ma, Jit Wu Yap, Jeff Achter and Julia Gordon, “On the pointwise convergence of the number of abelian varieties over F_p with fixed trace”, arXiv:2601.20824 (2026).

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