Ballini–Lombardo–Verzobio's L1L^1 Katz–Sarnak conjecture for Ag\mathcal A_g

Let g2g\ge 2 be an integer. For each prime ll, let vl(t)v_l(t) denote the local factor defined from the trace distribution in GSp2g(Zl)\operatorname{GSp}_{2g}(\mathbb{Z}_l), with vp(t)=1v_p(t)=1, and let STg\operatorname{ST}_g be the Sato–Tate trace density. Ballini–Lombardo–Verzobio's L1L^1 Katz–Sarnak conjecture for Ag\mathcal A_g.

tZ#Ag(Fp,t)#Ag(Fp)1pSTg(t/p)lvl(t)0\sum_{t\in \mathbb{Z}}\left|\frac{\#\mathcal A_g(\mathbb{F}_p,t)}{\# \mathcal A_g(\mathbb{F}_p)}-\frac{1}{\sqrt p} \operatorname{ST}_g(t/\sqrt p)\prod_{l}v_l(t)\right| \longrightarrow 0

as pp\rightarrow\infty. This is the corresponding global trace-distribution prediction for principally polarized abelian varieties, with local factors correcting the naïve Katz–Sarnak model. The conjecture remains open in general, while the paper proves related results for some cases.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Zhao Yu Ma, Jit Wu Yap, Jeff Achter and Julia Gordon, “On the pointwise convergence of the number of abelian varieties over F_p with fixed trace”, arXiv:2601.20824 (2026).

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