Apte–Parekh–Sud token-excess matching conjecture

Let G=(V,E)G=(V,E) be a graph, let Fk(G)F_k(G) be its kk-th token graph, and define

εkT(G)=λ1(L(Fk(G)))E.\operatorname{\varepsilon}_k^T(G)=\lambda_1(L(F_k(G)))-|E|.

Let ν(G)\nu(G) denote the matching number of GG. Apte–Parekh–Sud's token-excess conjecture. For 1kV1\le k\le |V|,

εkT(G)ν(G).\operatorname{\varepsilon}_k^T(G)\le \nu(G).

This conjecture is stated after the paper's bounds for token graphs; those bounds do not establish the proposed matching-number upper bound, and the supplied status gives no resolution.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Alan Lew, “An approximate version of Brouwer's Laplacian conjecture”, arXiv:2601.17575 (2026).

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