Zhang's refined Kolyvagin conjecture for Heegner-point classes

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Let KK be the imaginary quadratic field in the setup, let κHeeg\boldsymbol{\kappa}^{\rm Heeg} be the Heegner-point Kolyvagin system, and let M∞(κHeeg)\mathscr{M}_\infty(\boldsymbol{\kappa}^{\rm Heeg}) denote its limiting divisibility invariant. Let TamE{\rm Tam}_E be the product of the Tamagawa factors of EE. Zhang's refined Kolyvagin conjecture. If pp is an odd prime satisfying the irreducibility and Manin-constant hypotheses, then

M∞(κHeeg)=ordp(TamE).\mathscr{M}_\infty(\boldsymbol{\kappa}^{\rm Heeg})={\rm ord}_p({\rm Tam}_E).

This refinement extends the rank-one motivation from the Gross--Zagier formula and Kolyvagin's structure theorem to arbitrary analytic rank; the source gives no resolution.

References

Primary source

Francesc Castella and Takamichi Sano, “On refined nonvanishing conjectures by Kurihara and Kolyvagin”, arXiv:2601.14504 (2026).

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