Theta-vanishing conjecture for isomonodromy actions

Let f:XSf:X\to S be a smooth projective morphism of smooth complex varieties, and fix sSs\in S. Let ΘX/S\Theta_{X/S} be the quantity on the Dolbeault moduli space appearing in the source. Theta-vanishing conjecture. If ΘX/S0\Theta_{X/S}\equiv 0 on MDol(X/S,r)\mathscr{M}_{\operatorname{Dol}}(X/S,r), then the action of π1(S(C)\an,s)\pi_1(S(\mathbb{C})^{\an},s) on MB(Xs,r)(C)M_B(X_s,r)(\mathbb{C}) factors through a finite group. The conjecture is a complex-algebraic question; the source notes that for relative curves the corresponding vanishing implies that X/SX/S is isotrivial, while the general statement is reduced to an arithmetic integral-points question and remains open.

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Primary source

Yeuk Hay Joshua Lam and Daniel Litt, “p-Curvature and Non-Abelian Cohomology”, arXiv:2601.07933 (2026).

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