Li–Feng–Peng's spectral supersaturation conjecture for the bowtie

Let F2F_2 be the bowtie graph, let τ(G)\tau(G) denote the number of copies of F2F_2 in a graph GG, and let Ks,tqK_{s,t}^{q} be obtained from Ks,tK_{s,t} by adding qq pairwise disjoint edges within the part of size ss. Write (q2)\binom{q}{2} for the number of pairs among these added edges. Li–Feng–Peng's conjecture. If q2q\geq 2 and GG is a graph with large order nn satisfying

λ(G)λ(Kn2,n2q),\lambda(G)\geq\lambda\left(K_{\lceil\frac{n}{2}\rceil,\lfloor\frac{n}{2}\rfloor}^{q}\right),

then

τ(G)(q2)n2,\tau(G)\geq\binom{q}{2}\left\lfloor\frac{n}{2}\right\rfloor,

with equality if and only if G=Kn2,n2qG=K_{\lceil\frac{n}{2}\rceil,\lfloor\frac{n}{2}\rfloor}^{q}. This conjecture concerns spectral supersaturation for the bowtie; the supplied text does not state whether it has been resolved.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Longfei Fang, Yongtao Li and Huiqiu Lin, “More on spectral supersaturation for the bowtie”, arXiv:2601.04671 (2026).

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