Dowling's polynomial conjecture for independent-set polynomials of matroids

Let M=(E,I)M=(E,\mathcal{I}) be a matroid with E=n|E|=n and rank rMr_M. For 0krM0\leq k\leq r_M, define the homogeneous multivariate independent-set polynomial

fk(M)=II,I=k(xiIxi).f_k(M)=\sum_{I\in\mathcal{I},\,|I|=k}\left(\prod_{x_i\in I}x_i\right).

For polynomials in R[x1,x2,,xn]\mathbb{R}[x_1,x_2,\ldots,x_n], write fgf\geq g when fgf-g has nonnegative coefficients. Dowling's polynomial conjecture. For every 0<k<rM0<k<r_M,

fk2(M)fk1(M)fk+1(M).f_k^2(M)\geq f_{k-1}(M)f_{k+1}(M).

The conjecture strengthens Mason's ordinary log-concavity conjecture and implies its first inequality. Dowling proved it for k7k\leq 7; the paper claims a complete solution using Lorentzian polynomials.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Shiqi Cao, Keyi Chen, Yitian Li and Yuxin Wu, “Dowling's polynomial conjecture for independent sets of matroids”, arXiv:2601.03809 (2026).

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